Quantitative Comparison
জিআরই পরীক্ষার ম্যাথ বা কুয়ান্টিটেটিভ অংশে বিশেষ এক ধরণের প্রশ্ন আসে যেখানে কোন একটি তথ্য দেওয়া হতে পারে, তার নীচে Quantity A ও Quantity B দুটি কলাম দিয়ে তাদের নীচে দুটি আলাদা রাশি দেওয়া হবে। প্রদত্ত তথ্য থেকে কোন কলামের রাশি বৃহত্তর তা বের করতে হবে। এক্ষেত্রে:
যদি A কলাম বড় হয় তাহলে উত্তর A
যদি B কলাম বড় হয় তাহলে উত্তর B
যদি উভয় কলাম সমান হয় তাহলে উত্তর C
যদি প্রদত্ত তথ্য থেকে কোন সিদ্ধান্তে আসা সম্ভব না হয় তাহলে উত্তর D
প্রসঙ্গত, জিআরইতে ম্যাথের অন্যান্য প্রশ্নে 5 টি অপশন থাকতে পারে, কিন্তু এ ধরণের প্রশ্নে E উত্তর বলে কিছু নেই।
acute angle বা সূক্ষ্ণ কোণ
যে কোণের মান [latex]{ 90 }^{ o }[latex] এর ছোট, তাকে সুক্ষ্ণ কোণ বলে। নীচের ছবিতে [latex]\angle AOB[latex] একটি সূক্ষ্ণকোণ।
acute triangle
A triangle containing all acute angles.
3. adjacent angles: Angles that share a common side and a common vertex but do not have any common interior points.
4. angle: Formed by two rays with a common endpoint.
5. angle bisector: A line, ray, or segment that divides an angle into two smaller angles equal in measure.
6. arc: The set of points on a circle that lie in the interior of a central angle.
7. area: The space within a shape; measured in square units.
8. bisects: Divides into two equal parts.
9. central angle: An angle whose vertex is the center of the circle. The measure of a central angle is equal to the measure of its arc.
10. chord: A line segment joining any two points on a circle.
11. circle: In a plane, the set of points all equidistant from a given point.
12. circumference: The distance around a circle; equals two times π times the radius or π times the diameter (C = 2πr or πd).
13. complementary angles: Two angles the sum of whose measures is 90°.
14. concave polygon: A polygon that contains at least one diagonal outside the figure.
15. concentric circles: Circles with the same center.
16. congruent: Exactly alike. Identical in shape and size.
17. consecutive: Next to each other.
18. convex polygon: A polygon in which all diagonals lie within the figure.
19. corresponding: In the same position. Coinciding.
20. cube: A six-sided solid. All sides are equal squares and all edges are equal.
21. decagon: A plane closed figure with ten sides and ten angles.
22. degree: A unit of measurement of an angle.
23. diagonal of a polygon: A line segment that connects one vertex to another vertex and is not a side of the polygon.
24. diameter: Either a segment that joins any two points on a circle and passes through the center of the circle or the length of that segment. It is in the context of use that you will know which meaning is being used. A diameter is the longest chord in a circle.
25. equilateral triangle: A triangle in which all three angles are equal in measure and all three sides have the same length.
26. exterior angle: An angle formed outside the polygon by extending one side. In a triangle, the measure of an exterior angle equals the sum of the measures of the two remote interior angles.
27. height (or altitude): A segment drawn from a point and is perpendicular to a base or an extension of a base or a segment drawn that is perpendicular to each of two parallel lines.
28. heptagon or septagon: A plane closed figure with seven sides and seven angles.
29. hexagon: A plane closed figure with six sides and six angles.
30. hypotenuse: In a right triangle, the side opposite the 90° angle.
31. inscribed angle: An angle with its vertex on a circle and has chords as its sides. The vertex is where the chords intersect. The measure of an inscribed angle is equal to one-half the measure of its intercepted arc.
32. interior angles: Angles formed inside the shape or within two parallel lines.
33. intersecting lines: Lines that meet at a point.
34. isosceles right triangle: A triangle having two equal sides, two equal angles,and one 90° angle. Its sides are always in the ratio 1 : 1 : .
35. isosceles triangle: A triangle having two equal sides (and, thus, two equal angles across from those sides).
36. legs: In a right triangle, the two sides forming the 90° angle. In a trapezoid, the nonparallel sides.
37. line (straight line): The path joining two points, it goes forever in two opposite directions.
38. line segment: A part of a line; has two endpoints.
39. median: In a triangle, a line segment drawn from a vertex to the midpoint of the opposite side. In a trapezoid, a line segment parallel to the bases and bisecting the legs.
40. midpoint: The halfway point of a line segment, equidistant from each endpoint.
41. minute: A subdivision of an angle; degree.
42. nonagon: A plane closed figure with nine sides and nine angles.
43. obtuse angle: An angle greater than 90° but less than 180°.
44. obtuse triangle: A triangle containing an obtuse angle.
45. octagon: A plane closed figure with eight sides and eight angles.
46. parallel lines: Two or more lines, always the same distance apart. Parallel lines never meet.
47. parallelogram: A four-sided plane closed figure having opposite sides equal and parallel. (Opposite angles are equal, and consecutive angles are supplementary.)
48. pentagon: A five-sided plane closed figure. The sum of its five angles is 540°.
49. perimeter: The total distance around any figure. In a circle, this is referred to as the circumference.
50. perpendicular lines: Two lines that intersect at right angles.
51. pi (π): A constant used in determining a circle’s area or circumference. Commonly used approximations for π are 3.14 and .
52. plane: Often described as a flat surface, it is determined by three noncollinear points.
53. plane figure: Any shape that can be drawn on a plane. (A two-dimensional figure.)
54. plane geometry: The study of shapes and figures in two dimensions.
55. point: A basic element of geometry, a location. If two lines intersect, they do so at a point.
56. polygon: A many-sided plane closed figure. Triangle, quadrilateral, pentagon, and so on are examples of polygons.
57. prism: A three-dimensional shape bounded by congruent parallel bases and a set of parallelograms formed by joining the corresponding vertices of the bases.
58. Pythagorean theorem: A theorem that applies to right triangles. The sum of the squares of a right triangle’s two legs equals the square of the hypotenuse (a2 + b2 = c2).
59. quadrilateral: A four-sided plane closed figure. The sum of its four angles equals 360°.
60. radii: Plural of radius.
61. radius: Either the segment that joins the center of a circle to any point on the circle or the length of that segment. It is in the context of use that you will know which meaning is being used.
62. ray: A half-line that continues forever in one direction and has one endpoint.
63. rectangle: A four-sided plane closed figure having opposite sides equal and parallel and four right angles.
64. regular polygon: A polygon in which sides and angles are all equal. For example, a regular pentagon has five equal angles and five equal sides.
65. rhombus: A parallelogram with four equal sides.
66. right angle: An angle whose measure is equal to 90°.
67. right circular cylinder: A solid shaped like a can whose circular bases meet the remaining side at right angles.
68. right triangle: A triangle containing a 90° angle.
69. scalene triangle: A triangle having none of its sides equal (or angles equal).
70. similar: Having the same shape but not the same size. Similar figures have angles in the same positions equal in measure and sides in the same positions proportional in measure.
71. solid geometry: The study of shapes and figures in three dimensions: length, width, and thickness.
72. square: A four-sided plane closed figure having equal sides and four right angles. Its opposite sides are parallel.
73. straight angle: An angle equal to 180° and is often referred to as a line.
74. straight line: The path joining two points, it goes forever in two opposite directions.
75. supplementary angles: Two angles the sum of whose measures is 180°.
76. surface area: The sum of the areas of all the surfaces of a three-dimensional figure.
77. tangent to a circle: A line, line segment, or ray that touches a circle at one point (cannot go within the circle).
78. transversal: A line crossing two or more parallel or nonparallel lines in a plane.
79. trapezoid: A four-sided plane closed figure with only one pair of parallel sides, called bases.
80. triangle: A three-sided plane closed figure. It contains three angles the sum of whose measures is 180°.
81. vertex: The point at which two rays meet and form an angle, or the point at which two sides meet in a polygon.
82. vertical angles: The opposite angles formed by the intersection of two lines. Vertical angles are equal in measure.
83. vertices: Plural of vertex.
84. volume: Capacity to hold, measured in cubic units. Volume of rectangular prism = length times width times height.
